Battersby J. Food system transformation in the absence of food system planning: the case of supermarket and shopping mall retail expansion in Cape Town, South Africa. Built Environ. 2017;43(3):417–30.
Article
Google Scholar
Battersby J, Haysom G. Linking urban food security, urban food systems, poverty and urbanisation. In: Battersby J, Watson V, editors. Urban Food Systems Governance and Poverty in African Cities. New York: Routledge; 2019. p. 56–67.
Battersby, J, Peyton, S. The spatial logic of supermarket expansion and food access. In: Crush J, Battersby J, editors. Rapid Urbanisation, Urban Food Deserts and Food Security in Africa. Cham: Springer, 2016. p. 33–46.
Battersby J, Watson V, editors. Urban food systems governance and poverty in African cities. New York: Routledge; 2019. p. 42–55.
Blekking J, Waldman K, Tuholske C, Evans T. Formal/informal employment and urban food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Appl Geogr. 2020;14:102131.
Caesar M, Crush J. Food access and insecurity in a supermarket city. In: Crush J, Battersby J, editors. Rapid Urbanisation, Urban Food Deserts and Food Security in Africa. Cham: Springer; 2016. p. 47–58.
Chapter
Google Scholar
CCSA. The Grocery Retail Market Inquiry: Final Report. Pretoria: Competition Commission South Africa; 2019.
Christiansen L, Kanbur R. Secondary towns and poverty reduction refocusing the urbanization agenda. Washington DC: World Bank Group; 2016.
Book
Google Scholar
Coates J, Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access: indicator guide. Washington DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project; 2007.
Google Scholar
Crush J, Battersby J, editors. Rapid Urbanisation, Urban Food Deserts and Food Security in Africa. Cham: Springer; 2016.
Google Scholar
Crush J, McCordic C. The hungry cities food purchases matrix: household food sourcing and food system interaction. Urban Forum. 2017;28:421–33.
Article
Google Scholar
Crush J, Riley L. Rural bias and urban food security. In: Battersby J, Watson V, editors. Urban Food Systems Governance and Poverty in African Cities. New York: Routledge; 2019. p. 42–55.
Google Scholar
Crush J, Frayne B. The ‘supermarketization’ of food supply and retail: private sector interests and household food security. In: Frayne B, Crush J, McCordic C, editors. Food and Nutrition Security in Southern African Cities. London: Routledge; 2018.
Crush J, Frayne B, Pendleton W. The crisis of food insecurity in African cities. J Hunger Environ Nutr. 2012;7(2–3):271–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Crush J, Skinner C, Stalguitis M. Benign neglect or active destruction? a critical analysis of refugee and informal sector policy and practice in South Africa. Afr Hum Mob Rev. 2017;3:751–82.
Google Scholar
Crush J, Nickanor N, Kazembe L. Informal food deserts and household food insecurity in Windhoek. Namibia Sustainability. 2019;11(1):37.
Article
Google Scholar
das Nair, R. The “supermarket revolution” in the South. In: Crush J, Frayne B, Haysom G, editors. Handbook on Urban Food Security in the Global South. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2021. p. 145–65.
das Nair R. The internationalisation of supermarkets and the nature of competitive rivalry in retailing in southern Africa. Dev South Afr. 2018;35(3):315–33.
Article
Google Scholar
das Nair R. The spread and internationalisation of South African retail chains and the implications of market power. Int Rev Appl Econ. 2019;33(1):30–50.
Article
Google Scholar
Dolnicar S, Grün B, Leisch F. Market Segmentation Analysis. Management for Professionals. Singapore: Springer; 2018.
Book
Google Scholar
Everitt B, Landau S, Leese M, Stahl D. Cluster Analysis. 5th ed. Hoboken NJ: Wiley; 2011.
Book
Google Scholar
Frayne B, Crush J. Food supply and urban-rural links in Southern African cities. In: Frayne B, Crush J, McCordic C, editors. Food and Nutrition Security in Southern African Cities. London: Routledge; 2018. p. 34–47.
Google Scholar
Frayne B, Crush J, McCordic C, editors. Food and nutrition security in Southern African cities. London: Routledge; 2018.
Fuseini I, Battersby J, Jain N. The characteristics of the urban food system in Kitwe, Zambia: a focus on the retail sector. In: Battersby J, Watson V, editors. Urban Food Systems Governance and Poverty in African Cities. New York: Routledge; 2019. p. 195–207.
Google Scholar
Hannah C, Davies J, Green R, Zimmer A, Anderson P, Battersby J, et al. Persistence of open-air markets in the food systems of Africa’s secondary cities. Cities. 2022;124:103608.
Haysom G. Understanding secondary city typologies: a food governance lens. In: Riley L, Crush J, editors. Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan; 2022. p. 25–44.
Google Scholar
Haysom G, Tawodzera G. ‘Measurement drives diagnosis and response’: gaps in transferring food security assessment to the urban scale. Food Policy. 2018;74:117–25.
Article
Google Scholar
Holdsworth M, Landais E. Urban food environments in Africa: implications for policy and research. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(4):513–25.
Article
Google Scholar
Jones A, Ngure F, Pelto G, Young S. What are we assessing when we measure food security? a compendium and review of current metrics. Adv Nutr. 2013;4(5):481–505.
Article
Google Scholar
Kazembe L, Nickanor N, Crush J. Informalized containment: food markets and the governance of the informal food sector in Windhoek, Namibia. Environ Urban. 2019;31:461–81.
Article
Google Scholar
Kazembe L, Nickanor N, Crush J. Food insecurity, dietary patterns, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Windhoek, Namibia. J Hunger Environ Nutr. 2022;17(3):425–44.
Article
Google Scholar
Lall S, Henderson J, Venables A. Africa’s Cities: Opening Doors to the World. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2017.
Book
Google Scholar
Mackay H. Food sources and access strategies in Ugandan secondary cities: an intersectional analysis. Environ Urban. 2019;31(2):375–96.
Article
Google Scholar
McCordic C, Si Z, Zhong, T. Cross-platform food shopping and household food access in Nanjing, China. HCP Discussion Paper No. 20. Cape Town and Waterloo: Hungry Cities Partnership; 2018.
McCordic C, Abrahamo E. Family structure and severe food insecurity in Maputo and Matola, Mozambique. In: Crush J, Si Z, editors. Urban Food Deserts: Perspectives from the Global South. Basel: MDPI; p. 49–62.
Leroy J, Ruel M, Frongillo E, Harris J, Ballard T. Measuring the food access dimension of food security: a critical review and mapping of indicators. Food Nutr Bull. 2015;36(2):167–95.
Article
Google Scholar
Nickanor N. Food deserts and household food insecurity in the informal settlements of Windhoek, Namibia. PhD thesis. South Africa: University of Cape Town; 2013.
Nickanor N, Kazembe L, Crush, J. Food security in Africa’s secondary cities: No. 2. The Oshakati-Ongwediva-Ondangwa corridor. AFSUN Urban Food Security Series No. 28. Cape Town: African Food Security Urban Network; 2019b.
Nickanor N, Kazembe L, Crush J. The informal food sector and cohabitation with supermarkets in Windhoek, Namibia. Urban Forum. 2019a;30:425–42.
Article
Google Scholar
Nickanor N, Kazembe L, Crush J. Revisiting the African supermarket revolution: the case of Windhoek, Namibia. Dev South Afr. 2021;38(2):230–47.
Article
Google Scholar
NSA. Namibia 2011 Census Population Projections 2011 to 2041. Windhoek: Namibia Statistics Agency; 2014.
Odunitan-Wayas F, Okop K, Dover R, Alaba O, et al. Food purchasing characteristics and perceptions of neighborhood food environment of South Africans living in low-, middle-and high-socioeconomic neighborhoods. Sustainability. 2018;19(12):4801.
Article
Google Scholar
Opiyo P, Ogindo H. The characteristics of the urban food system in Kisumu, Kenya. In: Battersby J, Watson V, editors. Urban Food Systems Governance and Poverty in African Cities. New York: Routledge; 2019. p. 182–94.
Google Scholar
Ottolengh R, Watson B. Toward a National Urbanization Strategy for Namibia: Issue Analysis and Key Recommendations. Windhoek; 2017.
Owuor S. The state of household food security in Nairobi, Kenya. Cape Town and Waterloo: Hungry Cities Report No. 11, Hungry Cities Partnership; 2018.
Pedraza L, Popkin B, Adair L, Robinson W, Taillie L. Mexican households’ food shopping patterns in 2015: analysis following non-essential food and sugary beverage taxes. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(8):2225–37.
Article
Google Scholar
Reardon T. Urbanization and the quiet revolution in the midstream of agrifood value chains. In: Crush J, Frayne B, Haysom G, editors. Handbook on urban food security in the global south. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar; 2021. p. 145–65.
Google Scholar
Reardon T, Gulat, A. The supermarket revolution in developing countries. Washington DC: IFPRI Policy Brief 2; 2008.
Reardon T, Liverpool-Tasie O, Minten B. Quiet revolution by SMEs in the midstream of value chains in developing regions: wholesale markets, wholesalers, logistics, and processing. Food Secur. 2021;13(6):1577–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Riley L, Crush J, editors. Transforming Food Systems in African Secondary Cities. London: Palgrave Macmillan; 2022.
Google Scholar
Rische R, Kimenju S, Klasen S, Qaim M. Supermarkets and food consumption patterns: the case of small towns in Kenya. Food Policy. 2015;52:9–21.
Article
Google Scholar
Roberts B. Managing Systems of Secondary Cities. Brussels: Cities Alliance; 2014.
Google Scholar
Satterthwaite D. The impact of urban development on risk in sub-Saharan Africa’s cities with a focus on small and intermediate urban centers. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2017;26:16–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Skinner C. Contributing yet excluded? Informal food retail in African cities. In: Battersby J, Watson V, editors. Urban Food Systems Governance and Poverty in African Cities. New York: Routledge; 2019. p. 104–15.
Google Scholar
Santos-Pereira C, Pires A. Robust clustering method for the detection of outliers: using AIC to select the number of clusters. In: Lita da Silva J, Caeiro F, Natário I, Braumann C, editors. Advances in regression, survival analysis, extreme values, Markov processes and other statistical applications. Berlin: Springer; 2013.
Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide. Washington DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project; 2006.
Google Scholar
Tacoli C. The urbanization of food insecurity and malnutrition. Environ Urban. 2019;31(2):371–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Tawodzera G, Chigumira E, Mbengo I, Kusangaya S. The characteristics of the urban food system in Epworth, Zimbabwe. In: Battersby J, Watson V, editors. Urban food systems governance and poverty in African cities. New York: Routledge; 2019. p. 208–20.
Google Scholar
UN-Habitat. African cities 2014: re-imagining sustainable urban transitions. Nairobi: UN-Habitat; 2014.
UN-Habitat. Analysis of multiple deprivations in secondary cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nairobi: UN-Habitat; 2020.
Wanyama R, Gödecke T, Chege C, Qaim M. How important are supermarkets for the diets of the urban poor in Africa? Food Secur. 2019;11:1339–53.
Article
Google Scholar
Zimmer A, Guido Z, Tuholske C, Pakalniskis A, Lopus S, Caylor K, Evans T. Dynamics of population growth in secondary cities across southern Africa. Landscape Ecol. 2020;35:2501–16.
Article
Google Scholar