Table 3 Policy instrument mix currently found supporting Leipzig’s transition towards a bio-principled city
Framework for Transition | Regulatory Instruments | Market-based Instruments | Government Investment | Information-based Instruments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Innovation | - New policies - Market regulation: e.g., new legislations, prohibitions | - Public support for R&D - Start-up promotion & promotion of new business models - Subsidies | - Public infrastructure provision - Public pilot & demonstration facilities / projects - Bio-city projects - Public-private partnerships | - Competitions, granting of awards |
Commercialization | - Technical projects assistance | |||
Changes in Consumer Values & Behaviour | - Education & capacity building | - Public information - Labelling | ||
Exnovation | - Harmonisation of existing and new policies & initiatives at different policy levels | - Promotion of environ-mentally sound practices | ||
Transformative Governance | - Evaluation and adaption of policy programmes | - Advisory services | - Multi-stakeholder dialogue - Government (re)organisation | - Public reporting - Monitoring & measuring |