Table 1 Overview on concepts and their characteristics

Reduction of emissions

x

x

Energy efficiency / renewable energy

x

Establishment and recovering of territories for wetlands, forests, and green spaces by applying biological cropping techniques and environmental biotechnology

x

Reinforcing functions of existing city infrastructure

x

High quality of life & human wellbeing

x

x

x

x

Social inclusive and just

x

x

Urban greening (green buildings, green infrastructure, green transport, green technologies, etc.)

x

x

x

x

x

Self-sufficient, local production of food and energy (urban farms and forestry)

x

x

x

x

x

Local green industrial production

x

Reduction of wastes and losses, circularity, value-chains based on cascading use of natural and renewable resources

x

x

x

Low mobility & integration and decentralization of spaces for recreation, production, services, work and living

x

x

x

Designs solutions, logistic systems, functional materials and construction techniques adopting biological principled and renewable resources

x

x

Use and development of local biobased and residual materials as well as ecosystem services

x

x

x

x

Urban-rural biobased value chains

x

x

x

Publicly accessible nature

x

Using ICT to solve environmental problems while supporting high quality of life and inter-generational justice

x