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Table 2 Enabling Urban Systems Transformation (EUST) framework, and underpinning capacities

From: Enabling urban systems transformations: co-developing national and local strategies

Four enablers (x) and underpinning capacities (x.x)

(note [Cx] indicates closest capacity match in Wolfram (2016) framework)

1. Co-evolutionary design and navigation – ‘The voice of intent’

2. Engagement between decision-makers, stakeholders and communities – ‘The voice of experience, behaviours and values’

3. Aligned institutions and governance – ‘The voice of decision-making’

4. Knowledge co-production, usage and learning – ‘The voice of expertise’

1.1. Co-evolutionary intent, design and navigation

1.2. Shared visioning, scenarios, goal-setting, pathways, planning and performance [C5 Sustainability foresight]

1.3. Experimentation, innovation, and cessation, recognising the evolutionary phases of introducing the new and ceasing the outdated [C6 Experiments, plus innovation and exnovation]

2.1. Engagement between decision-makers and diverse stakeholders and communities, for mutual understanding, appreciation, negotiation and collaboration [C9 Agency levels, C10 Scale levels]

2.2. Engagement approaches to be tailored to the context

2.3. Use of boundary spanning intermediaries (e.g. specific issue-based, researchers, consultants)

3.1. Aligned institutions and coherent policies, plans, resource allocations, finance and decisions across scales, sectors and systems [C10 Scale levels]

3.2. Inclusive, transparent and community-centred formal and informal urban institutions and governance [C1 Inclusive and multiform urban governance, C9 Agency levels]

3.3. Critical urban planning capabilities

3.4. Empowered cities, settlements, communities of practice, community groups and individuals [C3 Empowered communities of practice]

3.5. Institutionally supported innovation and technology facilitation, learning embedding and acceleration [C7 Innovation embedding]

3.6. Transformative formal and informal leadership [C2 Transformative leadership]

4.1. Co-produced, shared and used knowledge

4.2. Diverse knowledge sources and disciplines

4.3. Urban systems awareness, knowledge and cumulative understanding (see KUST framework) [C4 System(s) awareness]

4.4. Policy-practice-research capabilities and collaborations

4.5. Reflexivity and learning [C8 Reflexivity and learning]

  1. The four enablers are as per Fig. 2. More detail on the underpinning capacities is at Additional file 2. Some of the capacity descriptors deliberately build on the capacities identified in Wolfram (2016) and Wolfram et al. (2019), which have also been mapped here as closely as possible to encourage ongoing cumulative framework development and cumulative knowledge building on the capacities (see Section “Comparison with other studies on transformation enablers and capacities”)