Fig.1

A visualization of how entrepreneurship shapes urban sustainability transformations. The framework depicts two levels at which sustainable entrepreneurship intervenes: the business level (light blue) and the city level (dark blue). Across these two levels, we identified four interventions (resource, transactive, organizational, and value interventions) through which sustainable entrepreneurs change business operations and urban dynamics. The higher an intervention is positioned on the seesaw, the greater its potential to initiate ripple effects throughout a given system aside from changing the properties that are targeted. The framework offers a heuristic tool for researchers exploring the bidirectional interactions between firms and the urban context in which they operate to both rigorously examine and explicitly support change for urban sustainability