Table 1 Overview of features of the transition from ULL 1.0 to 2.0

Encouraging participatory/transdisciplinary research/innovation projects

Transition from emphasis on urban living labs as a label to identifying underlying methods: Specification in call texts

Urban living labs as clearing houses between funding streams

Focus on co-creation, stakeholder participation, co-production

Connecting research processes in learning cycles and feedback loops

Urban living labs integrated into the governance structure of local urban administrations

Scaling up of results and approaches to other urban contexts and larger scales

Identifying the disadvantages and fault lines of urban living labs 1.0 approaches

Continuation of calls and earmarking of follow-up for governance integration

Challenge and dilemma driven approaches instead of ‘solutionism’

Challenging text-oriented working and output result formats using flexible communication

requirements to improve synthesis and alternative result presentation formats

Implementing research design open for learning in any direction

Emphasis on the methods, not the urban living lab