Fig. 4

Changes in the vulnerability of exposed population according to FEMA’s effective SFHA over time. Error bars represent the Standard Error of those variables that correspond to ACS estimates, and asterisks indicate the statistical significance of the indicators showing p-values below 0.01 (***), 0.05 (**) and 0.1 (*). No asterisk means that there is no statistically significant difference. Red asterisks indicate that vulnerability increases, while green asterisks indicate a decrease in vulnerability. Labels on top of each second bar indicate the % increase